网上科普有关“by 和on 的用法”话题很是火热，小编也是针对by 和on 的用法寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，希望能够帮助到您。

介词by可以用来表示方位、时间、手段等,其用法在高考中曾多次出现。下面结合高考试卷和其它一些例句做一下归纳：

一、by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。如：by the lake/river/tree/window/door等。

She searched the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path.(NMET90)她搜索了山顶，然后停下来在路边的一块大石头上休息。

After supper she would sit down by the fire,sometimes for as long as an hour,thinking of her young and happy days.(2003上海·春）晚饭后，她常坐在火旁，有时长达一个小时地回忆她那青春、快乐的年代。

注：有时可表:“从…旁经过”,多与动词go/walk/pass等连用。

As we boys were rushing towards the playground,Jim slipped by the table.(NMET92完形）当我们这些男生冲向操场时，吉姆从桌旁溜过。

二、by+时间名词。意为：“到…时（已发生某事），此时谓语多用完成时；最晚、不迟于…，在…之前”。如：by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o`clock等。

By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed.(2003上海·春）到去年年底，又有一座新体育馆峻工了。

The train leaves at 6:00 pm.So I have to be at the station by 5:40 pm at the latest.(NMET97)火车下午六点开，所以最晚我得五点四十赶到车站。

三、by+名词。可用来表方法、方式、手段等。

1、by+the+可数的时间、长度、重量等名词。意为：“按…计算，按…买(卖)”。如：by the pound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。

Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.(NMET98)城市里的女清洁工通常按小时获得报酬。

In the market,tobacco is sold by the bale,eggs by the dozen and salt by the pound.在市场里，烟叶按捆卖，鸡蛋按打卖，盐按磅卖。

2、by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）。意为：“按…计算，按…买(卖)”。如：by time/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。

As we all know,the freight of the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李的运费是按重量计算的。

3、by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：“通过…，由…，乘…”。如by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane;by land/road/sea/water/air等。（on foot)

It takes a long time to go there by train;it`s quicker by road.(或by bus)(NMET93)乘火车去那儿要花很长时间，公路比较快。

“I usually go there by train”.“Why not try going by boat(或water)for a change?”(NMET92)“我常乘火车去那儿。”“为何不尝试一下坐船呢？”

4、by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。意为：“靠…，通过…，由…所致”。如：by skill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident;by mail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine等。

Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time,he found it by logic,not by luck.(NMET2002阅读）虽然他曾大部分时间一直在错误的地方寻找，但他还是靠逻辑推理而非运气，找到了它。

I made a coat with my own hands.It was made by hand,not by machine. 我用双手织了一件外套。它是用手工织的，而不是机器织的。

5、by+ 地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，意为：“通过（某物、某地），取道…”。如:by a stone bridge/the back door/the freeway/country roads等。

The man entered the room by the back door.那人通过后门进入了房间。

6、by+动词—ing.意为：“通过…，靠…，凭…”。如：by waiting/practing/begging/working/imitating等。

He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.(NMET95)他通过印刷著名作家的作品而获得了巨大的财富。

Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.(2000上海)身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的。

四、by+数量词。

1、表升降、增减的程度。如：by one-fifth/20 percent/￡3/two feet等。

With production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.(NMET2000)产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。

The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year.(NMET2002阅读)对绿色食品的需求每年在增长大约三分之一。

2、表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。如：by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth等。

Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch.(2002上海）幸运地是，那颗子弹差一英寸就击中了上尉。

The bed is three meters wide by two meters long,and can fit at least four at one time.(NMET2001阅读)那张床三米宽，两米长，一次至少可以睡四个人。

五、by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分，常与动词catch/seize/take/hold/grab等连用。如：by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns;by the collar/lape/sleeve等。

The policeman caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。

The soldier grabbed the child by the collar.那个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。

六、by的常见短语：

by means of/by way of/by the way/one by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself/by birth/by society/take…by surprise/learn…by heart/what do you mean by …/by my watch等。

关于On的用法：

(1)?作介词：

1. 表示位置：在……上

Mary’s coat is on the desk .

They’re going to work on a farm .

There are many apples on the trees .

I have them on this piece of paper .

There was a big smile on her face .

Jim and Li Lei meet on the road outside Li Lei’s house .

Which channel is it on ?

2. 表示时间：在……（天）

Everyone eats mooncakes on Mid-Autumn Day .

They arrived early on a Tuesday morning .

I eat mooncakes on that day .

I was born on February 18 , 1981 .

Either Tuesday or Wednesday is OK . I’ll be free on these days .

3. 关于……

In the library she has got books on many different subjects .

(2)?作副词，与动词连用，构成短语：

1. come on跟我来，加油

“Come on !”they shouted .

2. get on上（车）

Let’s get on the bus .

3. get on with（sb. ）与（某人相处）

Usually we get on very well with each other .

4. go on继续

Autumn starts in August , and goes on to October .

Go on until you reach the end .

5. hold on（for a moment）别挂断电话，等一等

A : Hello ! Could I speak to the headmaster , please ?

B : Hold on for a moment , please . I’m sorry , he isn’t here right now . May I help you ?

6. put on穿上，戴上，上演

Put it on , please Lily .

Don’t be late——oh , and put on your old clothes .

7. try on试穿（衣服），试试看

Shall I ask the shopkeeper if I can try it on ?

8. turn on开，旋开（电灯，无线电等）

I turned on the radio .

Turn it on .

9. pass on传递

They both passed on their sticks at the same time .

10. go on with（sth. ）继续做……

They went on with their work .

11. walk on继续走

Walk on and turn left .

(3)?A. 作介词，与动词连用，构成短语：

1. go on继续

He quickly got up and went on running .

2. spend … on在……花费

I like writing to my penfriend , but I can’t spend much time on it .

3. keep on继续

I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon .

4. knock on敲

The boy is knocking on the door .

5. work on致力于

He works on the Great Green Wall with many other people .

Please tell Mr. Hu that I am working hard on my Chinese .

6. live on靠……为生

They lived on potatoes .

7. call on访问，拜访

I called on you .

B. 作介词，与名词连用，构成短语：

1. on foot走路，步行

I see you’re on foot today .

2. on the / one’s way to在途中，在路上

On her way home she bought a new pen at a shop .

3. on time 准时；不早不晚

You must always return your library book on time.

4. on duty值日

Who’s on duty today .

5. on show展览；陈列

They saw many old things on show in glass-topped tables .

6. on（the）earth在地球上

Two thousand years ago , there were only 250 million people on the earth .

7. on the left/ right在左（右）边

Walk along this road and take the fourth turning on left .

8. on the radio通过收音机，以无线电的方式

She said that she heard a very interesting programme on the radio .

9. on TV通过电视，以电视的形式

We can watch a football match on TV .

10. on top of在……上面（顶部）

Can you see much grass on top of the rock ?

11. on the team在队里

Neither of them is on the team .

12. on a visit在访问

Xia Yi is on a visit to England .

13. on fire着火

The building is on fire .

14. on holiday休假，度假

You and your family are away on holiday .

15. on sale出售

The meat is on sale in the market.

(4)?其他

1. and so on等等

There are different kinds of vegetables in the shop , such as tomatoes , potatoes , carrots , peas , cabbages and so on .

2. on and on继续，不断

They talked on and on very happily .

3. from now on从此以后，今后

Please be more careful from now on .

4. later on过后，以后

The radio says the rain will stop later on

介词用法口诀

早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。

有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。

特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，

收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。

特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。

年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。

步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。

at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。

工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。

就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。

this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。

接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。

over、under正上下，above、below则不然，

若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'

beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。

besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。

同类比较except，加for异类记心间。

原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词

under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。

before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。

before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。

since以来during间，since时态多变换。

与之相比beside，除了last but one。

复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。

ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。

in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。当然，至于介词的详尽用法，同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。

早、午、晚要用in

例：in the morning 在早上

in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上

in the day 在白天

at黎明、午、夜、点与分

例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候

at noon 在中午

at night 在夜间

at midnight 在午夜

以上短语都不用冠词

at six o'clock 在6点钟

at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半

at half past eleven 在11点半

at nine fifteen 在9点15分

at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分

也可以写成

seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)

five minutes after two 2点过5分

at a quarter to two 1点45分

at the weekend 在周末

年、月、年月、季节、周

即在"来年"，在"某月"，在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某

日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。

例；in 1986 在1986年

in 1927 在1927年

in April 在四月

in March 在三月

in December 1986 1986年12月

in July l983 1983年7月

in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季

in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季

in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周

in the third week 在第三周

阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，

即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。

例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。

They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。

They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。

a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯

He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。

The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．

以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下

a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人

the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女

in uniform 穿着制服

in mourning 穿着丧服

in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋

in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫

将来时态in...以后

例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。

I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。

We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。

Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)

after... (从过去开始)

小处at大处in

例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。

I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。

I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．

有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in

例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)

The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)

"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)

The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)

I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)

I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)

The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )

The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)

This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。

特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in

特征或状态：

例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。

They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。

He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。

Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。

The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。

The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。

Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。

His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。

I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。

She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。

还有一些短语也用in，如：

in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。

His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。

Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。

She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。

The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。

方面：

例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。

They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。

The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。

A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。

方式：

例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。

The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。

如下成语惯用in

例如： in all 总计

in advance 事前

in the meantime 与此同时

in place 适当地

in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望

in connection with 和……有关

in contact with 和……联系

in addition to 除......以外

in case of 倘若，万一

in conflict with 和......冲突

in force 有效的，大批

in depth 彻底地

in regard to 关于

in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近

in retrospect 回顾，一想起

in behalf of 代表......利益

in the least 一点，丝毫

in alarm 惊慌、担心

in the opinion of 据……见解

in the long run 从长远说来

in one's opinion 在……看来

in word 口头上

in a word 总之

in vain 无益地, 白白地

in case 如果，万一，以防

in detail 详细地

in haste 急急忙忙地

in conclusion 总之

in spite of 尽管

in other words... 换句话说

in return 作为回报

in the name of 以......名义

be confident in 对......有信心

be interested in 对......感兴趣

in doubt 怀疑

in love 恋爱中

in debt 负债

in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地

in hesitation 犹豫不决

in wonder 在惊奇中

in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)

in a good humour 心情(情绪)好

"介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。

介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：

1. A．She came at me. 她向我扑过来。

B．She came to me. 她向我走过来。

2．A．Jake ran at John. 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。

B．Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。

3．A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。

B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。

4．A．He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。

B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说

5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。

B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。

6．A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。

B．She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.

7．A．She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。

B．She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。

8．A．He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。

B．He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。

日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。

例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日

on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日

on May the first 5月1日

on the first 1号

on the sixteenth 16号

on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日

on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚

on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)

on New Year's Day 在元旦

on my birthday 在我的生日

但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in，the present time 现在，at the present day当今则用at。

on May Day 在"五·一"节

on winter day 在冬天

on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日

on Sunday 在星期天

on Monday 在星期一

on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨

on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午

on Friday evening 星期五晚上

但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time准时，in time及时，等则不同。

年月日，加早午晚，of之前on代in

例： on the morning of 18th 18日早晨

on the evening of 4th 4日晚上

On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。

收音、农场，值日on

例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?

您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?

I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。

taIk over the radio 由无线电播音

on TV 从电视里......

hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到

My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。

The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。

This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。

Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?

We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班

关于“by 和on 的用法”这个话题的介绍，今天小编就给大家分享完了，如果对你有所帮助请保持对本站的关注！